Is Kindle & Audible Better For The Environment?

by

By: Eva Plag Fontes

Most of us are stuck at home and have been so for, at least, the past few weeks. Being “bored in the house and in the house bored” we crave all types of time-filling activities and entertainment.

One of my favorite quarantine hobbies has been reading, especially books about climate change. 

Kindle & Audible Better For The Environment

Recently, having had all this free time at home, I started thinking about the environmental impact that my hobby has had.

Should I read paperbacks or books on an e-reader like Kindle? Or is it better to listen to audiobooks instead of using any screen time to read them? Faced with all these almost existential questions I did some research, and I am here to show you what I learned.

Paper Books Vs. kindle

At first sight, we might think “e-readers are much more environmentally friendly, we only need 1 ! ”, but the true answer is a bit more complicated than that.

First of all, we need to take into account the production of the e-reader. The raw materials and process of making an e-reader (energy & water) equals producing 40 or 50 physical books.

Paper Books Vs. kindle

This might lead us to think “ok, then if I read more than 50 books on my e-reader, I’m already saving the planet, right?”. Again, not that simple. The emissions created by a single e-reader, including its production and the energy needed to charge it, equal about 100 physical books.

So here is the short answer:

Is using a kindle better for the environment?

If you read 100 books on your e-reader before upgrading it, you are having the same effect on climate as if reading new physical books. If you read more than that, you are already having a positive impact.

Paper books Vs. Audiobooks (like Audible)

Audiobooks have the lowest footprint of all. First, there is no need to produce any physical object (like the book or the e-reader). You can simply listen to them on your phone or laptop.

It is true that the audio files are probably larger than the text ones, and data storage also has an environmental impact, but this is most likely compensated by the fact that no physical transportation or shipping is needed.

In terms of energy, charging your device every day you listen to your audiobook will probably not increase the waste as much.

Paper Books Vs. kindle1

After reading this, some thoughts might be going through your head right now: “but I love the smell of paper books”, or “I can’t concentrate on a book only by listening”, or even “I don’t like reading on screens”. 

Hang on! Even if you are not ready to make a big change in your reading device, there are still other things you can do.

How To Be An Eco-Friendly Reader?

  1. Borrow, don’t buy! Borrowing a physical book from a library or a friend is the most environmentally friendly option of all. It has already been produced and there is no added footprint for you to read it too.
  2. Buy second hand or swap. Similar to the above, you are not contributing to the production of a new book, so it is a carbon-neutral decision. A lot of cities around the world already host swapping events, where you can bring books you have read and swap them for ones you are interested in reading.
  3. Don’t throw books away! If you don’t want a book anymore, donate it to a friend, a library or a charity organization.
  4. If you buy an e-reader, make it worth it. Ensure you have read at least 100 books on it before upgrading. However, ideally, use it until it stops working.
  5. Buy from eco-conscious vendors. This can mean supporting a small local business or searching for publishers who use an eco-friendly process.
  6. Avoid buying online. And, if you do, buy a bigger quantity, so it ‘is worth it’.
  7. Read about relevant topics. Since we are talking about reading, make sure you choose topics that matter, such as books about climate change or sustainability.

Final Thoughts

No one is a perfect environmental hero, and small changes already can have a huge impact. Whether you are willing to make a big change or not, remember: the most environmentally-friendly object is the one you already own!

About Post Author

Avatar

Karim

I am an environmentalist based in Ontario.

I work hard to make this website an informative and a good resource for beginners who care about the environment.

See author's posts

    Related Posts:

    5,391 thoughts on “Is Kindle & Audible Better For The Environment?”

    1. Pingback: Audible on Amazon: An Honest Review From a Book-Obsessed Writer - Real Simple | Hard Cover Books

    2. With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or
      copyright violation? My website has a lot of unique content
      I’ve either written myself or outsourced but it seems
      a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without my permission. Do you know any solutions to
      help prevent content from being ripped off? I’d certainly
      appreciate it.

    3. NoseJobRecovery.com, a newly launched website by Dr.

      Kevin Sadati, a board certified facial plastic surgeon and nose job specialist serving Orange County, enables patients in Newport Beach to learn about different rhinoplasty options and obtain comprehensive information about
      the recuperation phase.

    4. Stamping is a forming processing technique that uses molds and presses to apply
      external pressures to plates, strips, pipes and profiles to
      cause them to break up or split in order to achieve the desired dimensions and shape for the part (stamping part).
      Forging and stamping are two forms of plastic machineries (or pressure processing), collectively known as pressing forging.
      The blanks that are stamped are mostly hot-rolled and
      cold-rolled steel plates or steel strip. Of the world’s steel, 60% to
      70% is plates. Most of these are used to make finished products.

      The chassis, the body, fuel tank, radiator sheet, boiler drums in the car and the shell of the
      container and the silicon iron core steel sheet
      for the motor and electric appliances all are made of stamped and processed.
      Instrumentation, household appliances bicycles, office
      equipment, kitchen utensils, and many other items, there are also a large number of stamped components.

    5. What’s up, this weekend is fastidious in favor
      of me, since this time i am reading this enormous informative paragraph here at my house.

    6. Hi there very cool web site!! Man .. Beautiful ..
      Wonderful .. I’ll bookmark your website and take the feeds
      additionally? I’m satisfied to seek out numerous useful information here within the submit,
      we need work out more strategies on this regard, thanks for sharing.

      . . . . .

    7. Excellent article. Keeep writing ѕuch ҝind of info on your page.
      Im reaⅼly impressed Ƅy it.
      Hi there, You have done a great job. І’ll certаinly digg it ɑnd in my view
      sugggest tօ my friends. I ɑm confident tһey’ll Ƅe benefited fгom this site.

    8. Greetings! Quick question that’s entirely off topic.
      Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My web site looks weird when viewing from my iphone.
      I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to correct this
      problem. If you have any recommendations, please share.

      Thanks!

    10. Hі therе еverybody, here every person iss sharing tһese kinhds of
      experience, theｒefore it’s fastidious tto гead tһis webpage, and Ι սsed tօ
      ɡo to see tһis weblog аll thee timｅ.

    11. ToԀay, I went to the beach fгont ԝith mｙ kids.

      I fοund a sea shell and gave іt to mｙ 4 yеar օld daughteer ɑnd
      ѕaid “You can hear the ocean if you put this to your ear.” She put tһе shell to
      һеr ear and screamed. Thеre was a hermit crab insіde and іt pinched her ear.
      She nevеr wants to go back! LoL I knoᴡ this is totally
      ᧐ff topic but I had toο tell someⲟne!

    12. you’re really a good webmaster. The web site loading speed is incredible.
      It kind of feels that you are doing any distinctive trick.
      Also, The contents are masterpiece. you have done a wonderful task on this
      subject!

    13. I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you make this website yourself or
      did you hire someone to do it for you? Plz answer back as I’m looking to design my own blog and would like to find
      out where u got this from. thank you

    14. No more sleepless nights or groggy mornings
      Sleep Reset is a personalized sleep program grounded in science, not dependent
      on pills.

      Join thousands of Sleep Reset members who are getting an hour and half more sleep every night.
      Start seeing improvements within 2 weeks.

      ⭐ JOIN FREE: https://bit.ly/3NbYvO7 ⭐

    15. ⭐ GET UP TO 1000$ BONUS ON STAKE.COM ⭐
      ✅ Open account and deposit at least 50$
      ✅ Go to Settings > Offer > Input “NEWBONUS”
      code
      ✅ Enjoy HUGE bonuses from STAKE.COM
      —
      URL: https://bit.ly/43oZGPU
      ⭐ GET UP TO 1000$ BONUS ON STAKE.COM ⭐

    17. Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and
      found that it is truly informative. I am gonna watch out for
      brussels. I’ll be grateful if you continue this in future.
      A lot of people will be benefited from your writing.

      Cheers!

    18. Я просто восхищен этой статьей! Автор предоставил глубокий анализ темы и подкрепил его примерами и исследованиями. Это помогло мне лучше понять предмет и расширить свои знания. Браво!

    20. ⭐ UNLEASH THE POWER OF AI ⭐
      Amoza.io – The Most Advanced AI Tools in one platform.
      ✅ Ai Writer with 30+ languages.
      ✅ Ai Images with advance tools.
      ✅ Ai Chats generator.
      ✅ Ai Code generator.
      ✅ Ai Speech to text generator.
      ✅ and much more…
      —
      Plans Starting from ⚡ 4.99$ per month.
      Signup: https://bit.ly/3qwf4vj
      ⭐ UNLEASH THE POWER OF AI ⭐

    21. Я оцениваю тщательность и точность, с которыми автор подошел к составлению этой статьи. Он привел надежные источники и представил информацию без преувеличений. Благодаря этому, я могу доверять ей как надежному источнику знаний.

    23. After the VM updates courses with the brand new versions of fields and capabilities, the Flutter framework automatically rebuilds the widget tree, permitting you to shortly view
      the results of your changes. The framework includes Hot-reload.
      This template contains more than 60 screens with very clean animation that is consistent with Android and IOS.
      Example labels of those two tasks are shown in the underside two rows of Table
      1. Segment tagging and named entity tagging might be considered
      syntactic labeling, while slot filling is extra like semantic
      labeling. Just like Tesco, the primary out there
      delivery slot for ASDA is on the 14th of April, although, the supermarket currently appears to be having bother with their website because the
      grocery part is currently down. And for good motive: It was sluggish, it seemed different than advertised, there have been no USB ports and not using a
      bulky adapter, the microSD reminiscence card slot wasn’t
      spring loaded, so it was practically not possible to get the
      card out. There’s a protracted record of roles players can choose
      from, and Star Atlas has deliberate out an enormous in-recreation economy the place users can mine for a revenue and even secure DeFi loans and insurance coverage policies on ships.

    24. Select your most popular test – laptop-delivered IELTS/ paper-primarily based (IELTS, IELTS
      for UKVI or Life Skills). Select your check sort/module – Academic or General Training for IELTS, IELTS for UKVI, A1 and
      B1 for life Skills (be extremely cautious whereas selecting the module you want to take).
      The Physical Sciences guide, for example, is ten pages lengthy,
      listing every scientific principle and topic within general chemistry and physics that may be covered within the MCAT.
      You might both guide your IELTS take a look at online or visit your
      nearest IDP branch to e book it offline. In case you do not
      choose to register utilizing the web registration mode, alternatively chances are you’ll
      register in person at the nearest IDP IELTS department or Referral Partner.
      This may be a 5-reel slot, however don’t let that idiot you.

      Slot Online Terpercaya RTG Slot, Slot Online Gacor PG Soft, Slot Online Gacor PLAYSTAR, an extended stem that bent
      and curved round it like a hoop., here poor Al-ice burst in-to tears, for she felt Slot Online
      Terpercaya RTG Slot, Slot Online Gacor ONE Touch, Slot Online Gacor PRAGMATIC PLAY, fair means or foul.
      The 3D virtual horse race option is one which ensures both slot
      and horse race fans will enjoy spinning the reels of the brand new Play’n GO title.

    25. Listening to a portable CD player in your automobile seems like a great
      choice, proper? With this template, you possibly can promote
      something from club T-shirts to car parts. And with this template, you may
      be one step forward of your rivals! In right this moment’s world, it is important to
      be one step ahead. If you’re involved about the issue of procrastination on the planet,
      and also you need to create your personal handy software for tracking duties, then that is
      your alternative! Useful reading (reading good books)
      expands a person’s horizons, enriches his inside world, makes
      him smarter and has a constructive effect on memory. So, that’s
      why, applications for reading books are most relevant in at
      present’s reading society. Reading books will increase an individual’s
      vocabulary, contributes to the development of clearer pondering, which lets you formulate and categorical
      thoughts extra lucidly. It’s the sort of comfort that permits you to
      simply zone out and play without worrying about niggling key points.

    27. Hi there, You’ve performed a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends.
      I’m confident they’ll be benefited from this website.

    30. When I initially left a comment I appear to have clicked
      the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now whenever a
      comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment.
      Perhaps there is a way you are able to remove me from that service?

      Thanks!

    43. ⭐ FREE APP LIMITED TIME⭐
      The Dropshipping Business Made Easy for Retailers with E-Commerce Stores!

      Meet TopDawg: Top Products to Sell Online for
      Your Dropshipping Business
      ✅ Setup e-commerce site in seconds
      ✅ Connect TopDawg with your Store
      ✅ Select from over 500,000 products to add to your store.

      ✅ Products sell and our dropship suppliers fulfill the
      orders.
      —
      TopDawg FOR FREE For a Limited Time!
      LINK: https://bit.ly/43JfL2x
      FREE CODE: DEBF23
      ⭐ FREE APP LIMITED TIME⭐

    44. Hi there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it’s
      really informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels.
      I will be grateful if you continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing.

      Cheers!

    45. First of all I would like to say superb blog!
      I had a quick question in which I’d like to ask if you do not mind.

      I was curious to know how you center yourself and clear
      your mind before writing. I’ve had a hard time clearing my thoughts in getting my thoughts out.
      I truly do enjoy writing but it just seems like the first
      10 to 15 minutes are wasted just trying to figure out how to begin. Any
      recommendations or hints? Kudos!

    46. Outstanding post however , I was wanting to know if you
      could write a litte more on this subject? I’d be very grateful if you could elaborate a little bit more.
      Thanks!

    47. Hello, i think that i saw you visited my weblog so i came to “return the favor”.I’m trying to find things to improve my website!I
      suppose its ok to use a few of your ideas!!

    48. ⭐ FREE APP LIMITED TIME⭐
      Debutify – Launch a stunning E-Commerce website in seconds!

      ✅ No coding experience needed
      ✅ 50+ Add-ons
      ✅ Lightning fast page load speed
      ✅ Save $280/mo on eComm apps
      ✅ and much more…
      —
      Debutify FOR FREE For a Limited Time!
      LINK: https://bit.ly/3qv2MDz
      FREE CODE: DEBF23
      ⭐ FREE APP LIMITED TIME⭐

    49. Have you ever thought about including a little bit more than just your articles?
      I mean, what you say is important and everything. But think about if
      you added some great visuals or videos to give your posts more, “pop”!
      Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this site
      could undeniably be one of the very best in its field.

      Very good blog!

    50. Автор предлагает читателю возможность самостоятельно сформировать мнение, представив различные аргументы.

    51. Hey there, You’ve done an incredible job. I’ll certainly digg it and for my part
      recommend to my friends. I’m confident they will be benefited from this website.

    56. I would like to thnkx for the efforts you’ve put in writing this web site.

      I’m hoping the same high-grade website post from you in the upcoming as well.
      In fact your creative writing skills has inspired me to get my own blog now.
      Actually the blogging is spreading its wings quickly. Your write up
      is a great example of it.

    61. You will need to buy an Angkor pass or Angkor wat ticket to enter the Angkor archeological park, even if you do not plan to
      visit any temples (for example just riding your mountain bike).

    72. I’m really enjoying the design and layout of your blog. It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more
      pleasant for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a developer to create your theme?
      Excellent work!

    73. There’s a micro USB connector on the suitable aspect, and an SD card
      slot on the left protected when not in use by a rubber plug.
      Identical to Tesco, the primary out there supply slot for ASDA is on the
      14th of April, although, the supermarket currently seems to be having hassle
      with their webpage as the grocery part is currently down. It appears like you may be ready until around the center/end
      of April for a supply slot. If you don’t like the slot machine strategy, you can browse eating places by varied classifications or view a listing of Urbanspoon listings close to
      your current location. Once on the web page, type “Cherry Master slot machine” into the search field at the top of the page and press enter to bring up the
      listings. The RTP fee reaches 95.53%. Gamblers are beneficial to try
      and apply the Flaming Hot slot demo to develop their own methods for the game.
      In this paper we solely outline a slot filling downside in Dress class
      domain for simplification. This is making it hard to get a supply slot,
      with wait occasions now measured in weeks relatively than days.

    74. They anticipate to offer full entry to Google Play quickly.
      If you’re bent on getting a full-fledged pill experience, with entry to each
      raved-about app and all of the bells and whistles, a Nextbook probably
      is not the best choice for you. Pure sine wave inverters produce AC power with the least
      quantity of harmonic distortion and may be the best
      choice; however they’re also typically the most costly.

      Not to worry. This text lists what we consider to be the 5 best options
      for listening to CDs in your car when you only have a cassette participant.

      So listed here are, in no particular order, the highest
      5 choices for enjoying a CD in your car in the event you only have a cassette-tape participant.

      Whether you are speaking about Instagram, Twitter or
      Snapchat, social media is a development that’s right here to remain.
      Davila, Damina. “Baby Boomers Get Connected with Social Media.” idaconcpts.
      Some kits come full with a mounting bracket that lets you fasten your
      portable CD player securely within your automobile. ­Perhaps the simplest method
      for listening to a CD player in a automobile without an in-dash CD player is by
      means of an FM modulator.

    76. I think this is one of the such a lot significant information for me.
      And i’m happy reading your article. But wanna statement on some basic things, The site
      style is wonderful, the articles is really nice :D. Excellent activity, cheers.

    78. CNN’s ratings continue to plunge foⅼlowing tһe network’ѕ controversiaal town hall interview ᴡith Donald Trump.

      ᒪast wеek, thе firѕt full week sіnce the May 10 town hall, CNN suffered itѕ lowest-rated ԝeek
      ѕince June 2015, averaging ϳust 429,000 tоtal daily viewers
      frrom Ꮇonday-Friɗay, accoｒding to ratings data cited by the . 

      MSNBC had more tһɑn double tһe daily viewers, ѡith 976,
      000, while Fox News drew a daily audience оf 1.4 milⅼion, ԁespite a
      plunge in viewership fοllowing thе firing of host Tucker Carlson earllier tһis montһ.

      The Μay 10 Trummp town hall attracted 3.3 mіllion viewers, mаking CNN thе mߋѕt-watched cable news network tһat evening, according to Nielsen data — but tһｅ network haѕ bеen mired іn controversy over the event and seen a
      drop-off in ratings іn the aftermath.

      Ɗuring the live event, Trump repeated falsehoods ɑbout the
      ⅼast election in front oof a cheering audience,
      angering critics, but CNN Chairman Chris Licht һas defended the town hall as newsworthy аnd important. 

      Last week, the fiгst full week sincｅ the May
      10 town hall, CNN suffered іts lowest-rated wеek since June 2015, averaging jᥙst 429,000 total daily viewers frkm
      Мonday-Friɗay

      Thhe Mаy 10 Trump town hall attracted 3.3 mіllion viewers,
      bᥙt thе network һas been mired in controversy oνer the event and sеen a drop-off
      іn ratings іn tthe aftermath

      A CNN spokeswoman declined tⲟ comment, buut pointed to ratings data ѕhowing thɑt foor the month tһrough Maay 20,
      CNN reached thе mpst uniique viewers age tԝo and older (39.173 million) and
      in the key 25-54 demographic (10.529 mіllion), outpacing Fox News (35.422 mіllion P2+ aand
      7.950 million P25-54).

      Fox News haѕ suffered іts own ratings slhmp іn the weeks following Carlson’s departure,
      and lɑst week tһe network was down 41 perсent from ɑ
      yea ago in the key age demo, aand ⅾown 24 ⲣercent in total viewers.

      Τhе last three wеeks һave been Fox News’ lowest
      tһree wеeks іn tоtal daү ratings in thee key demo ѕince prior tto tһe terrorist
      attacks of Sｅptember 11, 2001.

      Many Fox News viewers seｅm tⲟ һave fled fοr the
      smaller right-wing channel Newsmax, ᴡhich hаs sеen a ratings
      bump іn thrｅe weeks sіnce Carlson’ѕ firing, with viewership іn tһe demo up 120 percеnt compared to thｅ prior f᧐ur wеeks.

      Fοr bоth CNN and Fox, thhe damage ѕeems to be heaviest in the primetime,
      and CNN һas sseen several of іts primetime hourѕ fall behind Newsmax ѕince
      the town hall.

      At CNN, the internal controversy ߋᴠer the Trump town hall һaѕ spilled oveг into public, wіtһ some ߋf the network’s ttop personalities loudly criticizing tһe decision tο interview Trump іn fгont of
      аn audience of һiѕ cheering fans. 

      Laast ᴡeek, veteran correspondent Christiane Amanpour Ƅecame the m᧐st prominent
      CNN journalist t᧐ publicly criticize һer network over tһe
      tosn hall.

      Օn Mаy 12, two days ɑfter tһe town hall CNN averaged 325,000 pгime time viewers,
      ԝhile Newsmax netted ann average ᧐f 357,000

      Chris Licht, CNN’ѕ new boss follоwing the merger tһat created parent company Warnerr Bros Discovery,
      hhas defeded thee town hall

      CNN’ѕ ratings continue tto plunge following tһe network’s controversial towqn hall innterview witfh Donald Trump

      Amanpour tоld a grօup of graduating students at Columbia University’s graduate school ⲟf journalism on Ꮃednesday tһat she woulod haｖe ‘dropped the mic’ at ‘nasty
      person,’ а reference to whyen Trump lobbed tһаt insult аt moderator Kaitlan Collins.

      Տhe criticized CNN fߋr hosting Trump at
      the live event in Nеw Hampshire, ѡherｅ tthe 2024 presidential candidate repeated lies аbout the laѕt election beforе a moostly adoring audience. 

      ‘І stіll respectfully disagree ԝith allowing Donald Trump tο appｅar іn that pɑrticular format,’ Amanpour
      ѕaid of the event.

      Suggesting tһat live TVmay not apways Ьe tthe right
      format for such events, Amanpour ѕaid: ‘Some of thе very beѕt and ｅven most
      fiery, compelling interviews arｅ, in fаct, taped аnd tһey
      are edited, not to cһange tһe context or the content oг the truth or the intent, but to edit for filibuster and a stream of disinformation.’

      Citing tһe precedents of paѕt candidate debates orr forums, CNN ѕhould hаve insisted ‘that oսr invited guests behave tһemselves – no hooting, no hollering, no
      jeering, no cheering.’ 

      Licht, CNN’ѕ neᴡ boss fоllowing the merger tһat ⅽreated parent company
      Warner Bros Discovery, һas defended tһe oԝn hall.

      In an internal call wityh CNN staff membеrs ⅼast wеek,
      Licht noted that people іn thе town hall
      audiencxe represehted а ⅼarge swath off America, ɑccording t᧐ the Asѕociated Press.

      ‘Tһe mistake tһе media maԁe in the pаѕt іs ignoring thаt tһose people exist,’ he said.

      ‘Јust like you cаnnot ignore that President Trump
      exists.’

      Trump repeated ɑ slr hｅ useed often on thе 2016 campaign trail wһｅn he referred to interviewer Kaitlan Collins, tһｅ neѡ anchor of the network’ѕ 9ⲣm slot, as ‘nasty’

      Last wｅek, veteran correspondent Christiane Amanpour Ьecame the most prominent CNN jjournalist tߋ publicly criticize һеr network oveг thｅ town hall

      Lɑst ԝeek, Warner Bros Discovery CEO David Zaslav ѕaid CNN plans οn gеtting morе Republicans on the air as it seeks political diversity.

      Zaslav ѕaid he andd CNN chief Chris Licht һave told Republicans ‘they’re not ɡoing to get one more vote on Fox News.’

      ‘Ouг ｖiew is there’ѕ advocacy networks ⲟn eіther ѕide,’ Zaslav
      ѕaid at thе SVB MoffettNathanson Technology,
      Media аnd Telecom Conference.

      ‘We hɑve the best journalists in tһe wօrld. We neеd tߋ show both sidеs of every issue.’

      Advertisers ‘ԁon’t want to Ƅe part off ɑan advocacy network’ but
      theｙ do want to be part of ɑ news network, Zaslav sаiⅾ.

    83. Nice post. I used to be checking continuously this weblog and I am inspired! Very useful info specially the final section 🙂 I deal with such information much. I was seeking this particular info for a very lengthy time. Thanks and best of luck.

    87. You blog with an overwhelming amount of professionalism. That is a really useful advice, especially for new bloggers. brief but accurate information I appreciate you sharing this. An must read!

    98. Pingback: meritking
    100. Pingback: meritking
    101. Pingback: meritking
    107. Pingback: meriting

    111. I really like your blog.. very nice colors & theme.
      Did you create this website yourself or did you hire someone to do
      it for you? Plz reply as I’m looking to create my own blog
      and would like to find out where u got this from. cheers

    142. Разрешение на строительство — это публичный документ, выписываемый авторизованными инстанциями государственного управления или местного самоуправления, который разрешает начать возведение или выполнение строительных операций.
      [url=https://rns-50.ru/]Разрешение на строительство жилого объекта[/url] назначает законодательные основания и регламенты к строительным работам, включая дозволенные типы работ, допустимые материалы и методы, а также включает строительные нормы и комплексы безопасности. Получение разрешения на строительные работы является обязательным документов для строительной сферы.

    146. aprߋх. 3530 km measured ԝith google earth.

      fоr a preciser result a ƅetter definition ᧐f perimeter іs needed
      becɑսse Sask. iѕ 3D-curved as ⲣart of the globe.

    149. Pingback: child porn
    159. Pingback: fuck google
    198. Pingback: fuck google

    337. Hi! I realize this is sort of off-topic however I had to ask. Does building a well-established website such as yours take a lot of work? I’m completely new to running a blog however I do write in my diary daily. I’d like to start a blog so I can easily share my own experience and feelings online. Please let me know if you have any kind of recommendations or tips for new aspiring blog owners. Appreciate it!

    659. I do agree with all the ideas you’ve presented in your post. They’re really convincing and will certainly work. Still, the posts are too short for beginners. Could you please extend them a bit from next time? Thanks for the post.

    668. I’m worried that my insurance won’t cover a [url=https://lisinopril.monster/]lisinopril buy online[/url] purchase, anyone have experience with that?

    744. I can’t believe this has become such a struggle – all I want to do is [url=https://lisinopril.monster/]buy cheap lisinopril[/url].